cassard



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

I A. CASSARD 8a A. DAMMAN.

WATER PBOOF ITLOORING. No. 305,288.

Pat ented se ma, 1884.

l/VVENTUHS WITNESSES Was/@654) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

A. CASS'ARD & A. D AMMAN;

' WATER P300 FLOORING. No. 305,288. Patented Sept. 16,1884.

WITNESSES N. PEYERS Phnlo-Mlvognphen Wanh'mglon. D.(;

} IINITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ANDRE GASSARD AND AOHILLE DAMMAN, or BRUSSELS, BELGIUM.

WATER-PROOF FLOORING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 305,288, dated September 16, 1884.

Application filed March 3, 1884. (No model.) Patented in Belgium April 15, 188i, No. 54,270; in England June 22, 1881, No. 2,686; in Austria August 14, 1881, No. 20,613; in France August 27, 1881, N0.143,339, and in Germany December 15, 1883, No. 1,649.

' ing the surface layer has been separated from We are also aware'that paving-tiles have.

been formed with a base consisting of a block of wood grooved on its upper Surface, a top or surface of stone, and an intermediate layer of cement for holding them together; but this is not the equivalent of our invention, as a water-proof floor cannot be constructed of such tiles.

In order that our invention may be fully understood, we will proceed to describe it with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure I is a vertical sectional view of a floor embodying our invention. Fig. 11 is a similar View showing it applied to arched structures. Fig. III is-a plan view of the floor. Fig. IV is a Sectional view showing the floor supported on an arched basis, and Fig. V shows in vertical section and plan one of the foundationtiles. Fig. VI is a bottom view of tile shown in Fig. V. l I

As shown in the drawings, the flooring, when placed upon the ground, is always arranged in the same manner; but when supported 011 an arched or vaulted basis it may be arranged in one of two mannersi. 0., the material of the vault may form part of the floor structure; or the floor may be complete in itself and merely laid over the vaulted foundation. In either case the floor consists of three distinct layers. The bottom layer consists of ceramic tiles 1,

which may rest upon the ground,.as shown in Fig. I, or upon an arched or vaulted basis, as shown in Fig. IV, or the very tiles themselves may be used to form the arch, the upper layers of the flooring being attached directly thereto, as shown in Fig. II. The tiles 1 are made rectangular, either square or oblong. The upper surface of the tiles is made flat, and each tile is pierced with a number of holes, 2, preferably one at' each corner and one in the center. The holes are made to flare downwardly, and to give the holes greater depth, and at the same time to strengthen the tiles, ribs 3 are formed on the latter and the holes so located as to pass therethrough.

To construct the floor the tiles are laid side by side on a fiatand very even surface, either of cement or mortar, care being taken'to maintain the holes in the tiles perfectly freeand open. Having thus formed a foundation the surface of which is as even as possible, alayer of bitumen is poured over the whole. The bitumen (shown in the drawings at 4) should be boiling, or at least heated to a sufficient degree to enable its penetrating every hole and fissure of the tiling underneath, and while the bitumen is yet liquid piecesof wood, 5, prepared beforehand for the purpose, are sunk into it. The wooden surface thus formed constitutes the upper or third layer of the flooring. Each block 5 is provided underneath with one or more dovetail grooves, 6, into which the bitumen enters in the same manner as into the holes in the tiles, and a perfectly compact flooring is thus formed.

7 Figs. II and IV show flooring laid after this improvement on vaults or arches. In Fig. IV the eirtrados 7 ,of brick-work or other material, is filled up so as to present an even surface, and upon the platform thus formed is laid the flooring in the same manner as when on a ground foundation. Fig. II, however, shows a more advantageous and simple method. According to this method, instead of vaults or arches of brick-work, we build vaults (either massive or hollow) of blocks 8 9, of cement,

terra-cotta, or other substance. They are usuand of the width of the beams, the vaults being made of different breadth between the beams by the employment of keystones or intermediate blocks, 8, of different sizes. The different blocks of the arch are joined in any suitable manner, perhaps the simplest being to provide them with corresponding semicircular grooves which are filled with cement, 11, after the blocks are placed in position.

The concave intrados of the vaults may be ornamented in any manner. The top is perfectly fiat, and has dovetail grooves 12, to receive the layer of melted bitumen. maining layer of the flooring is then applied in the manner we have already described. This vaulted flooring is, it will be seen, the same as that first described, the foundationblocks being merely made to form an arch or vault.

Having thus described our invention, the following is what we claim as new therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. A composite flooring made up of, first, a layer or foundation of tiles or blocks, grooved The re orpiereed as shown; second, a continuouslayer of waterproofing material, and, third, a layer of wood or other finishing material.

2. A vaulted flooring or pavement constructed of continuous blocks or tiles grooved on their upper surface, a continuous layer of waterproofing material over the same, and a finishing of wood or other surface, substantially as shown and described.

3. A composite floor formed of top and bottom layers of blocks or tiles, grooved or pierced substantially as shown, in combination with a continuous intermediatelayer of cement entering said grooves, whereby the component parts are rendered inseparable, as explained.

In testimony whereof we have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ANDRE GASSARD. AOHILLE DAMMAN.

Witnesses:

ADOLF STEIN, EMILE PIOARD. 

